New product introduction against a predator: A bilevel mixed‐integer programming approach

We consider a scenario with two firms determining which products to develop and introduce to the market. In this problem, there exists a finite set of potential products and market segments. Each market segment has a preference list of products and will buy its most preferred product among those available. The firms play a Stackelberg game in which the leader firm first introduces a set of products, and the follower responds with its own set of products. The leader's goal is to maximize its profit subject to a product introduction budget, assuming that the follower will attempt to minimize the leader's profit using a budget of its own. We formulate this problem as a multistage integer program amenable to decomposition techniques. Using this formulation, we develop three variations of an exact mathematical programming method for solving the multistage problem, along with a family of heuristic procedures for estimating the follower solution. The efficacy of our approaches is demonstrated on randomly generated test instances. This article contributes to the operations research literature a multistage algorithm that directly addresses difficulties posed by degeneracy, and contributes to the product variety literature an exact optimization algorithm for a novel competitive product introduction problem. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

PD体制地面情报雷达相关问题研究

中脉冲重复频率的PD体制对于杂波的抑制能力较强,一般应用于机载雷达.目前,地面对空情报雷达为更有效地检测低空目标以及小目标,也采用了PD体制.在分析了杂波重叠和PRF组限制的基础上,对比了M/N准则、检测概率以及盲区图,讨论了采用3/7准则的优越性,该结论对于PD体制雷达的研制和改装有实际的应用价值.     

基于相关分析的坦克装甲车辆动载荷测试方法

提出了一种履带车辆动载荷的测量方法,该方法利用虚拟样机技术,根据虚拟实验所测得负重轮轮轴上的载荷和车体上特定测点的加速度进行统计分析,推导出二者之间的统计相关函数关系。在实车试验时,仅测量车体相应测点的加速度,再利用所得到的与动载荷相关关系间接测量负重轮上的输入载荷。其优点是可以不借助于测量轮进行载荷测量,具有一定的经济性和可操作性。     

探讨英语多义词和同形异义词引起的语义含糊现象

讨论了由多义词和同形异义词引起的语义含糊现象以及两者的区别 .了解它们有助于我们更好地进行语言交际和英语词汇教学 .     

模糊性测量及测量性质

运用Rough集方法定义有关认识上的模糊性 ,列举关于模糊性测量的方法 ,给出一个模糊向量的模糊性测量 ,并讨论这种测量的性质     

Optimizing barge utilization in hinterland container transportation

In hinterland container transportation the use of barges is getting more and more important. We propose a real‐life operational planning problem model from an inland terminal operating company, in which the number of containers shipped per barge is maximized and the number of terminals visited per barge is minimized. This problem is solved with an integer linear program (ILP), yielding strong cost reductions, about 20%, compared to the method used currently in practice. Besides, we develop a heuristic that solves the ILP in two stages. First, it decides for each barge which terminals to visit and second it assigns containers to the barges. This heuristic produces almost always optimal solutions and otherwise near‐optimal solutions. Moreover, the heuristic runs much faster than the ILP, especially for large‐sized instances.     

Mathematical formulation and heuristic algorithm for the block relocation and loading problem

This study considers the block relocation and loading problem in container terminals. The optimal loading sequence and relocation location are simultaneously decided on the basis of the desired ship‐bay and initial yard space configuration. An integer linear programming model is developed to minimize the number of relocations in the yard space on the basis of no shifts in the ship bay. The accuracy of the model is tested on small‐scale scenarios by using CPLEX. Considering the problem size in the real world, we present a rule‐based heuristic method that is combined with a mathematical model for the removal, loading, and relocation operations. The influence of rules on algorithm performance is also analyzed, and the heuristic algorithm is compared with different types of algorithms in the literature. The extensive numerical experiments show the efficiency of the proposed heuristic algorithm.     

对装备生命周期的再认识

针对当前对于装备生命周期起始阶段、终止阶段、主要活动划分等方面存在的认识不统一问题,研究指出装备生命周期概念具有层次性,每层内涵对应的生命周期的起始阶段与终止阶段虽然都可以统一到论证和淘汰2项活动中,但其起始和终止的具体环节却各不相同,建立了装备生命周期的双螺旋式立体模型,提出将装备生命周期过程分为研制和服役2个阶段,以及论证、生产、采购、使用和淘汰5种主要活动的划分方法。     

液氧甲烷膨胀循环变推力发动机系统方案对比研究

当前对液氧甲烷膨胀循环变推力火箭发动机的研制难点和关键技术认识不够清楚,尤其是在大变比推力调节方案方面。基于整个发动机系统,采用理论计算方法,探讨甲烷膨胀做功能力以及变推力调节方案可行性。分别给出了单涡轮系统方案和双涡轮系统方案,首次给出了不同工况下详细的系统状态参数分布,进行了对比分析,并探讨了甲烷做功能力随室压的变化规律。研究结果表明,甲烷做功能力随着室压的减小呈现先减小后增大的趋势,单涡轮和双涡轮系统方案均能够实现大范围推力调节;相比单涡轮方案,双涡轮方案能够更好地保证混合比,且甲烷气体做功能力利用效率更高,氧涡轮和燃料涡轮功率变化范围较窄,涡轮所处环境较为缓和,因此双涡轮系统方案具备一定优势。     

三维分布式星载SAR多星联合成像方法

分布式小卫星SAR天线面小,存在严重的多普勒模糊,联合处理多颗卫星的回波可以有效消除模糊,实现高分辨宽测绘带成像.以一发双收的分布式构型为例,建立其回波信号模型并分析了两路回波信号之间的关系,在补偿由切航向基线引起的包络差和部分相位差后,得到两路回波信号频谱之间关系的解析表达式.根据回波谱之间的关系,设计加权函数,消除了回波的方位模糊,最后采用传统成像算法完成成像.